1. Transmission efficiency
Transmission efficiency directly reflects the energy consumption level of the reducer and is the core indicator for measuring its performance. During testing, the torque and rotational speed at the input and output ends are usually collected through sensors, and the ratio of input power to output power is calculated. High-quality reducers usually have high transmission efficiency under rated working conditions (for example, a single-stage cylindrical gear reducer can reach more than 98%). In addition, as the output torque increases, the transmission efficiency usually shows an upward trend and reaches the highest value when reaching 100% of the rated torque.
2. Temperature rise and temperature
Temperature rise detection is one of the most basic and important items in load testing. During the test, the oil pool temperature, bearing seat temperature and ambient temperature need to be continuously monitored. According to national standards, when the reducer continuously operates to a thermal equilibrium state under rated working conditions, its temperature rise and maximum oil temperature must be controlled within the allowable range (for example, the temperature rise does not exceed 40K, and the maximum oil temperature does not exceed 95°C or 100°C). Excessive temperature rise often means poor lubrication, too tight assembly or insufficient heat dissipation area.
3. Noise and vibration
Mechanical noise and vibration are important sensory and data indicators for evaluating the manufacturing accuracy and assembly quality of reducers. Under load conditions, gear mesh impact, bearing rolling friction and box resonance will produce noise and vibration. Professional sound level meters and vibration analyzers are used to measure the sound pressure level and the effective value of vibration speed. Abnormal noise peaks or vibration amplitudes may indicate excessive tooth surface roughness, large tooth shape errors, or early pitting corrosion and other hidden dangers.
4. Sealing performance
During load operation, the increase in oil temperature will cause the pressure in the box to increase, which poses a severe challenge to the seals. The focus of the inspection is to observe whether there is oil leakage at the input shaft, output shaft shaft extension, sight hole cover, breather and other joint surfaces. Good sealing performance is the prerequisite to ensure the normal operation of the lubrication system and prevent lubricating oil leakage.
5. Gear contact spots and tooth surface condition
After the test, it is usually necessary to open the box and check the contact traces and status of the gear tooth surface. The distribution position and area percentage of contact spots directly reflect the meshing quality of the gear pair. The ideal contact spots should be evenly distributed in the center area of the tooth surface. At the same time, the tooth surface needs to be carefully inspected for signs of early damage such as gluing, pitting, and plastic deformation to evaluate its load-bearing capacity.
6. Overload carrying capacity
In order to verify the ultimate safety performance of the reducer, the load test usually also includes an overload test. At the rated speed, gradually load to 120%, 150% or even higher of the rated load. After running for the specified time, check whether the reducer can operate normally and whether the gears and other parts are damaged, deformed and other abnormal conditions.
